작성일자 : 2013.6.12

작성자: 뉴델리 무역관 김상환 (kimsh@kotra.or.kr)

 

 

1. 시장동향

 

□ 정책현황

 

 ○ There are three government bodies established to promote solar energy in India. The first is the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE), which is the nodal unit for all matters relating to RE. The second, India Renewable Energy Development Agency(IREDA), is a public limited company established in 1987 to promote, develop and extend financial assistance for RE and energy efficiency/ conservation projects. Finally, Solar Energy Centre(SEC) is a dedicated unit of the MNRE and the Government for the development of solar energy technologies and promotion of its applications through product development. Besides this, government has also rolled out various policies and subsidies to promote this sector.

 

 ○ Indian Solar Policies can be divided into Central Level and state level:

 

	Central Level	State Level
Role	- Policy Regulation, promotion, tariff on Solar Plants	- Policy regulation & Promotion of Solar Plants - Implementation support to Central Schemes
Agencies Involved	- Ministry of New & Renewable Energy(MNRE) - Central Electricity Regulatory Commission(CERC)	- State Nodal Agencies - State Electricity Regulatory Commission - State Electricity Board
Solar Policies/ Schemes	JNNSM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission) - Policy Formulation - Tariff Finalization - Execution - Implementation	Few States have their own Solar Power promotion policies like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka etc.
		JNNNSM - Implementation & Facilitation Support

 

 

 

 ○ Looking at the timeline, the India Solar Mission is a significant improvement over all previous solar policies formulated by the Government, and there is serious intent of the Governments both at the centre and states to kick start development of solar energy and harness the huge potential that exists in India. Before announcement of JNNSM, India’s solar power capacity was mere 17.8㎿ in early 2010.The New policies are expected to increase the Demand.

 

 ○ Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission(JNNSM) (Central Level)

  - Blessed with 300 sunny days in a year and receiving an average hourly radiation of 200㎿/sq km, India is well placed to overcome its key challenges by harnessing the enormous solar potential. Around 12.5% of India’s land mass, or 413,000 sq km, could be used for harnessing solar energy1. Recognizing this, the Government of India (GoI) included solar energy as a key mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change and formally launched the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission(JNNSM) on the 11th January, 2010 under the brand name ‘Solar India’. The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India's energy security challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.

  - The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission(JNNSM) is one of the eight missions of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC) that elucidates the nation’s vision for solar technology: installation of 22GW of solar capacity by 2022 – this, by no means is a small task, given that India had a mere 10.28㎿ of installed solar capacity in 2010.

  - The objectives and goals of JNNSM are as follows: increase supply of grid–connected solar power to 1GW by 2013, 10GW by 2017, and to 20GW by 2022; promote off–grid applications equivalent to 2GW; distribute 20 million solar home lighting systems in rural areas; expand the area occupied by solar thermal collectors to 20 million square meters by 2022; and create favorable conditions for solar manufacturing capability. The Mission is aimed at reducing the cost of solar power generation in the country through (i) long term policy; (ii) large scale deployment goals; (iii) aggressive R&D; and (iv) domestic production of critical raw materials, components and products, as a result to achieve grid tariff parity by 2022. Mission will create an enabling policy framework to achieve this objective and make India a global leader in solar energy.

  - The Mission is divided into three phases:

 

 

JNNSM Capacity Addition Target

 

  - For further information about the Mission kindly refer to the link below:

http://www.mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/mission_document_JNNSM.pdf

 

 ○ Phase 1

  - The first phase (up to 2013) focused on capturing of the low hanging options in solar; on promoting off-grid systems to serve populations without access to commercial energy and modest capacity addition in grid-based systems.

  - Phase I of National Solar Mission was divided into two Batches i.e. batch –I & II. In Batch I, capacity addition of 150㎿ of grid connected solar PV plants and 500 MW of grid connected solar thermal plants was envisaged. Whereas in Batch II, the remaining targeted capacity for Solar PV i.e. 350 MW was awarded.

  - Table below summarizes result of phase-I of JNNSM including projects allotted under different scheme and price discovery under reverse bidding.

 

Status of Phase1 ‘JNNSM’

 

  - Considering the fact that some of the grid connected solar power projects were at various stages of development prior to launch of JNNSM, In February, 2010 a Migration Scheme was launched to provide these projects an option to migrate from the respective existing arrangement to the one envisaged under JNNSM subject to the consent of distribution licensee, State Govt. and willingness of developer. Resulting solar projects worth 84㎿ including 54㎿ SPV and 30 MW solar thermal were migrated to JNNSM.

  - Apart from these grid connected large scale plants, small rooftop plants of capacity less than 2㎿ each were also allotted under GBI scheme in Rooftop PV and small Solar Power Generation Program(RPSSGP).

 

 ○ Projects under Batch-I, Phase-I

  - The selection of Solar PV projects of 500㎿ capacity was decided to be undertaken in two batches over two financial years of Phase 1 i.e., 2010~2011 and 2011~2012. The size of PV projects in the first stage in 2010~2011 was fixed at 5㎿ per project. Under Migration scheme NVVN started the process of short listing the on-going projects to migrate to the JNNSM. A total of 16 projects of 84 MW capacity were selected. These project developers signed PPA with NNVN in October, 2010 and reported financial closure. The last date for commissioning of 54㎿ capacity PV projects was by end of October, 2011. The 30㎿ capacity solar thermal projects are to be commissioned by March, 2013.

  - Later in August 2010, NVVN started the process of selection of new grid solar power projects comprising of 150㎿ of Solar PV and 470㎿ of solar thermal capacities. This yielded a tremendous response and applications were received for over 5,000 MW capacity. The projects were selected based on tariff discounting. Bidders offered substantial discounts as given below:

 

 

 

  - Total 30 SPV projects were selected after bidding process and subsequently 28 project developers signed PPAs for 140㎿ capacity with NVVN. Similarly seven solar thermal projects were selected after bidding process and signed PPA with NVVN. Average tariff for selected SPV projects was 1216 Paise/kWh which was 32% lower than the CERC approved benchmark tariff of 1791 Paise/kWh. For solar thermal projects, average tariff for selected projects was 1141 Paise/kWh which was 25% lower than the CERC approved benchmark tariff of 1531 Paise/kWh for solar thermal plants.

 

 

  - In batch-I, a total of 704㎿ capacity grid connected solar power projects have been selected, which comprise of 500㎿ capacity of solar thermal power projects and 204㎿ of PV power projects.

 

 ○ Projects under Batch-II, Phase I

  - Under Batch II of Phase I, the total aggregate capacity of grid connected Solar Projects was 350 MW for the deployment of Solar PV Power Projects. NVVN had been designated as the nodal agency for procurement of solar power and for carrying out the bidding process. On August 24, 2011, NVVN invited Request for Selection(RfS) from interested developers to develop 350 MW solar PV projects with a capacity in multiple of 5㎿, Minimum capacity 5㎿ & Maximum Capacity 20 MW for each project. Total Capacity for each bidder was limited to 50㎿. NVVN received 183 bids from project developers indicating discounts offered by each on CERC approved benchmark tariff of 1539 paisa/kWh. Discount offered by the bidders was in the range of zero paisa to 790 paisa per unit.

 

 

 - SPV projects worth 350㎿ were awarded with an average tariff of 877 paise/kWh which was 43% lower than the benchmark tariff approved by CERC.

 

 

 ○ RPSSGP Scheme

  - MNRE announced the Guidelines for Rooftop and other Small Solar Power Plants connected to distribution network (Below 33 kV) in June 2010. This component of the Mission was designed essentially as a State driven scheme to encourage the States for grid connected projects focusing on distribution network and to strengthen the tail end of the grid. Under this scheme, the state utilities purchase power from any of the generation companies based on the tariff fixed/approved by the respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions(SERCs). Another purpose of the scheme was to encourage as many States as possible to set up small solar grid connected projects. This would also help to create a database of performance of solar plants under different climatic and grid conditions. This was considered necessary for large-scale replication in future, particularly for meeting rural needs in the next phase of the Solar Mission.

  - Under these guidelines, a cap of a maximum 20㎿ capacity projects per State was put. The project size was limited to a maximum of 2㎿ capacity to be connected to distribution grid. The role of the Ministry was limited to providing a fixed generation based incentive(GBI) to the State utilities at a rate equal to the difference of the CERC tariff for 2010~2011 (Rs. 17.91 per kWh) and a reference rate of Rs. 5.5 per kWh. The projects were registered with nodal agency IREDA through a web-based process, and 78 projects were selected to set up 98㎿ capacity projects from 12 States.

 

 ○ Technology Pattern for Solar Power Projects

  - Information as available from various developers indicate the following pattern of technology which will be adopted for setting up solar PV and solar thermal power projects of 802㎿ capacity under JNNSM.

 

 

 ○ Current Status of Phase I Projects

  - Phase I of JNNSM has been a success story with encouraging response from solar project developers. During Phase-I, grid connected solar power projects were selected on the basis of discounts offered by the project developers on CERC approved applicable tariff. This mechanism was found to be very useful in selecting projects in a transparent manner and also leading to a substantial reduction in solar tariffs because of competition.

 

자료원: http://eqmaglive.com/_article_files/14822/draft-jnnsmpd-2.pdf

 

 ○ Phase 2

  - In the second phase, after taking into account the experience of the initial years, capacity will be aggressively ramped up to create conditions for up scaled and competitive solar energy penetration in the country.

  - National Solar Mission envisages installation of around 10GW utility scale and 1GW off-grid solar power projects by the end Phase-II. Twelfth five year plan (2012~2017) also targets capacity addition of 10GW of grid connected solar power in India. It is envisaged that out of this 10GW target, 4GW would be developed under central scheme and 6GW under various State specific schemes.

  - Scaling up of Grid Connected Projects

   · One of the main objective of mission is rapid scale up the deployment of Solar projects across the country on the similar lines that Phase –I was built aiming to ramp up grid connected solar energy to 1100㎿ by 2013 with participation of both Solar PV and Solar Thermal technology. Capacity allocation was equal for both technology i.e. 500㎿ each under Phase-I. Strategically development Phase-I has made India’s grid-connected solar energy market grow tremendously, with an increased number of developers, lower prices, and participation from interested financial institutions. India’s solar energy market grew from 17.8㎿ in early 2010 to 1044㎿ cumulative installed capacity as of August 31st, 2012 iv of this capacity, 270㎿ was commissioned under the National Solar Mission and other central government schemes. Another 735 vi ㎿ was deployed under initiatives of various states.

  - In Phase-II, it is necessary to build on the achievements of phase-I to ensure continued success of National Solar Mission. Large scale solar projects are going to play a huge role in phase-II and for the same reason, it has kept as one of the thrust area under Phase-II. Phase-II is targeting to bring cumulative solar capacity to 10GW by 2017. Central Government shall provide the required support for development of solar projects under this category. Unlike Phase-I, Phase-II is not entirely dependent on bundling scheme to bring the costs down, as the target capacity under phase-II is high and without confirmation on availability of unallocated quota with central generating stations, Implementation of Phase-II will have to be reply upon combination of various schemes like Generation Based Incentive(GBI), Viability Gap Funding(VGF) and Bundling schemes. Witnessing steep fall in tariff discovered under phase-I, Phase-II is expected to achieve new heights of success while achieving the grid parity before 2017. To make Phase-II another success story wider participation of States is required with development of transmission and distribution network to connect areas with high solar potential. Developing cluster of solar parks will help reduction in costs further and fair market play will prevail and help in development of various technologies used for achieving phase-II targets.

  - Objectives for promotion of Grid Connected Solar Power during phase-II are as under:

   · To achieve Grid Parity at the earliest

   · To facilitate meeting of Solar RPO targets in line with Tariff Policy

   · To encourage wider participation of States in NSM

   · To facilitate increased connectivity & grid access for solar projects

   · To encourage Solar park cluster development

   · To promote technology agnostic approach

   · To develop domestic technology development capability

   · To Encourage large scale deployment of Grid connected rooftop solar

   · To encourage Captive and Third party sale of solar power to meet power shortages in Industry

   · To Encourage local Manufacturing and

   · To support focused R&D initiatives

   · Development of REC market

   · Development of Storage Systems

 - For further information on Phase -2 Schemes, kindly refer the below link:

    http://eqmaglive.com/_article_files/14822/draft-jnnsmpd-2.pdf (Page 24 onwards)

 

□ State Solar Policies (State level)

 

 ○ Besides the Government of India’s initiative with JNNSM, several states have formulated their own solar policies to attract investments in the solar space in their States.

  - Gujarat Solar Policy 2009

  - Rajasthan Solar Policy 2011

  - Karnataka Solar Policy 2001~2016

  - Madhya Pradesh Solar Policy 2012

  - Andhra Pradesh Solar Policy 2012 & the First Amendment

  - Tamil Nadu Solar Policy 2012

  - Chhattisgarh Solar Policy 2012~2017

  - Draft Uttar Pradesh Solar Policy 2012

 

 ○ For detailed information for each State policy, kindly refer to the below link:     http://mnre.gov.in/filemanager/UserFiles/guidelines_sbd_tariff_gridconnected_res/salient_features_for_State-wise_solar_policies.pdf

 

 ○ JNNSM; Phase 1 Policy

  - Performance of Existing Projects

   · As per the data collected NVVN from different solar projects, net exportable power for the month of July, Aug, and September 2012 is shown here in tables below:

 

 

 

 

 ○ Status of RPO Targets

  - As per the provisions under Section 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act 2003 and notified Tariff Policy, to encourage the development of solar power across the states, State Electricity Regulatory Commission(SERCs) have to specify solar RPO targets in their States and have to notify RPO

  - Regulation to comply with the same to ensure its compliance. The Solar RPO targets specified by various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions are summarized in table below:

 

 

  - National Action Plan on Climate Change and the notified Tariff Policy, envisage increasing trajectory of solar RPO from 0.25% (by end of Phase-I) to 3% by 2022. However, many States are yet to notify long term solar RPO trajectory as envisaged under the Tariff Policy.

 

 ○ State level Initiatives

  - In addition to initiatives at national level, there are several policy initiatives and solar power development programs were announced by State Governments in order to fulfill the Solar RPO targets specified by SERCs and to garner capacity in view of strong interest within the solar industry during Phase-I. The status of various State level programs and Solar Installed capacity in States is shown in table below: