작성일자: 2014.2.19

작성자: 라고스 무역관 Mr. Nathaniel Bassey Joseph

 

 

1. 물산업 개요

 

□ 나이지리아 수자원 분야 로드맵

 

 ○ The World Health Organization/ United Nations Children's Fund Joint Monitoring Program, in its 2012 progress report on drinking water and sanitation has ranked Nigeria third behind China and India on the list of countries with the largest population without access to improved drinking water. The report which covered between 1990 and the end of 2010, noted that about 66 million Nigerians lacked access to drinking water.

 

 ○ Nigeria was one of the eight countries in the world having between only 50 and 70% of their urban population accessing improved drinking water; for the country's rural area the figure is less than 50%.

 

 ○ In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals(MDG) target of the World Health Organization(WHO) by 2015, the Federal Government has mapped out some short term Water Supply Projects under the Water Sector Roadmap unveiled in 2011 by the Minister of Water Resources. Some of the projects are:

  - Construction of one (1) Motorized Borehole (Solar or Generator set powered) in each of the 109 Senatorial District.

  - Rehabilitation of 1,000 dysfunctional hand pump boreholes in 18 States in Nigeria.

  - Supply and Installation of Special Water Treatment Plants capable of treating fresh water, brackish water and salt water targeted at communities with minimum size of 2,000 people and maximum population size of 5,000 people. A total of ten(10) of such plants will be installed across the States of the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.

  - A total of ten(10) Special Intervention Water Supply schemes in selected areas.

  - Completion of all abandoned urban·semi-urban water supply projects.

  - Creation of private sector-driven Water Shops to convert small scale to medium scale producers via improved access to resources.

 

□ 나이지리아의 수자원 현황

 

 ○ Nigeria has huge water resources potential estimated at 267 billion cubic meter of surface water and 92 billion cubic meters of ground water. The current water supply service coverage in the country is 58%, i.e. 87 million people while sanitation is 32%, i.e. 54 million. About half of the population, i.e. 80 million people, is without access to potable water supply. This represents about 6% of the world's population who do not have access to safe drinking water.

 

 ○ Nigeria is endowed with adequate fresh water resources, with a coastline of about 800㎞ in the south and also Lake Chad basin in the north. From big rivers like, Niger, Benue, Kaduna, Anambra, Imo, Gongola(Taraba), etc., to small lakes, streams and ponds in the rural areas, these water resources are sources of livelihood and wealth creation to many families on a daily basis. The country has over 200 dams with a combined storage capacity of 34 billion cubic meters.

  - Under the Water Sector Roadmap, government will continue with the construction of small Earth Dams in six(6) selected States of the Federation, complete the on-going Dams in Bauchi, Katsina and Kaduna States.

 

 ○ There are four principal surface water basins in Nigeria.

  - The Niger Basin has an area of 584,193 square kilometers within the country, which is 63% of the total area of the country, and covers a large area in central and northwestern Nigeria. The most important rivers in the basin are the Niger and its tributaries Benue, Sokoto and Kaduna.

  - The Lake Chad Basin in the northeast with an area of 179,282 square kilometers, or 20% of the total area of the country, is the only internal drainage basin in Nigeria. Important rivers are the Komadougou Yobe and its tributaries Hadejia, Jama-are and Komadougou Gena.

  - The Southwestern littoral basins have an area of 101,802 square kilometers which is 11% of the total area of the country. The rivers originate in the hilly areas to the south and west of the Niger River.

  - The Southwestern littoral basins, with the major watercourses being the Cross and Imo Rivers, have an area of 58,493 square kilometers which is 6% of the total area of the country, and receive much of their runoff from the plateau and mountain areas along the Cameroon border.

 

 ○ Nigeria also have extensive groundwater resources, located in eight recognized hydrological areas together with local groundwater in shallow alluvial(fadama) aquifers adjacent to major rivers:

  - The Sokoto Basin Zone comprises sedimentary rocks in north west Nigeria. Yields range from below 1.0 to 5.0 l/s.

  - The Chad Basin Zone comprises sedimentary rocks. There are three distinct aquifer zones. Upper, Middle and Lower. Borehole yields are about 1.2 to 1.6 l/s from the Upper unconfined aquifer and 1.5 to 2.1 l/s from the Middle aquifer.

  - The Middle Nigeria Basin Zone comprises sandstone aquifers yielding between 0.7 and 5.0 l/s and the Alluvium in the Niger Valley yielding between 7.5 and 37.0 l/s.

  - The Benue Basin Zone is the least exploited basin in Nigeria extending from the Cameroon border to the Niger-Benue confluence. The sandstone aquifers in the area yield between 1.0 and 8.0 l/s.

  - The Southwestern Zone comprises sedimentary rocks bounded in the south by the coastal Alluvium and in the north by the Basement Complex.

  - The South-Central Zone is made up of Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments centered on the Niger Delta. Yields are from 3.0 to 7.0 l/s.

  - The Southeastern Zone comprises Cretaceous sediments in the Anambra and Cross River basins. Borehole numbers are low due to the abundant surface water resources.

  - The Basement Complex comprises over 60 percent of the country's area. It consists of low permeability rocks and groundwater occurs in the weathered mantle and fracture zone with yields of between 1.0 and 2.0 l/s.

 

□ 나이지리아의 공공부문 상수도 공급개관 (Historical Perspective)

 

 ○ Public Water supply started in Nigeria early in the twentieth century in a few towns managed at the lowest administrative level. Amongst the early beneficiaries were, Calabar, Kano, Ibadan, Abeokuta, Ijebu Ode and Enugu. The schemes were maintained with revenue from water sales with virtually no operational subvention from government.

 

 ○ With the creation of regional governments in the early 1950s the financial and technical responsibilities of developing water schemes were taken over by the regional governments who also assigned supervisory high level manpower to oversee operations and maintenance. The regions were slow to set up independent bodies to develop, operate and manage the water supply. The first water corporation was formed in the western region in 1966.

 

 ○ Today, all the thirty six(36) states and the Federal Capital Territory have water boards/ corporation or public utilities boards managing their public water supply.

  - The Federal Government got involved in the management of water resources in 1976 when the Federal Ministry of Water Resources and the 11 River Basin Development Authorities(RBDAs) were created. The purpose of the RBDAs was to provide bulk water, primarily for irrigation.

 

 ○ International Agencies like the World Bank, The European Union, DIFI, Water Aid and others also support government efforts to facilitate drinking water supply projects, especially for small town residents in the rural areas. Such projects are handled by the many water engineering firms all over the country, who supply the water treatment equipment as part of the whole water supply project. The capacity of the water filtration system installed depends on the number of household in the locality to be serviced.

 

 ○ Most of the affluent neighborhoods and government reservation areas in urban centers have piped domestic connections. The less affluent use yard taps, protected hand-dug well and water tankers. For the poor, water vendors are often the only choice or open well dug by individual households.

 

 ○ Urban piped water is subsidized with flat rate tariffs kept low in order to make water available to the poor. The people who are actually benefiting from subsidized water are the relatively well-off people;

 

 ○ The poor are generally not connected to a piped water supply. Many people are buying their water from the water vendors and paying many times more than the more affluent consumers.

  - On the strength of inaccessible safe drinking water and hot weather, there has been a proliferation of purified water bottlers and packaging in the country due to the growing awareness for good quality drinking water.

 

□ 나이지리아 수질 (Quality of Water)

 

 ○ The quality of the groundwater in the country is generally good. Only in some case are iron, nitrate and fluoride concentration above WHO standards. In about 20% of the country the groundwater has low pH (<6.5) and the water is very corrosive which affects the choice of borehole lining material. In about 40% of the country, the water is moderately corrosive with pH of 6.5~6.8 and in the remaining 40% of Nigeria, the pH is higher and the water is not corrosive.

 

 ○ The groundwater in some areas underlain by the consolidated sediments of the Benue trough tends to be high in dissolved solids. Around Awe and Keana in Nassarawa State and in Abakaliki in Ebonyi State the groundwater is saline rendering in unusable. Also most of the shallow aquifers of the coastal belt are prone to saline invasion from sea water. The presence of arsenic has been reported in the groundwater in some part of Benue State.

 

 ○ Drinking Water Quality Standard used in Nigeria

  - In 2005, the National Council on Water Resources(NCWR) recognized the need to urgently establish acceptable Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality because it was observed that the 'Nigerian Industrial Standard for Potable Water' developed by Standards Organization of Nigeria(SON) and the

  - 'National Guidelines and Standards for Water Quality in Nigeria' developed by the Federal Ministry of Environment did not receive a wide acceptance by all stakeholders in the country. The Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality covers all drinking water except mineral water and packaged water. The standard applies to:

   · Drinking Water supplied by State Water Agencies

   · Drinking Water supplied by Community managed drinking water systems

   · Drinking Water supplied by water vendors and water tankers

   · Drinking water used in public or privately owned establishments

   · Drinking water used in food processing by manufacturing

   · Drinking water used from privately owned drinking water system and use solely for the family residence.

 

 ○ Mineral Water or packaged water in the country comply with Nigerian Industrial Standards for Natural Mineral Water (NIS 345:2003) and Potable Water (NIS 306:2004) and used for regulation and certification by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC) and SON respectively.

 

□ 상수도 공급자 (Drinking Water Service Provider)

 

 ○ The whole set of organization, processes, activities, means and resources necessary for abstracting, treating, distributing or supplying drinking water and for providing the associated services. Drinking water service providers are essentially states water agencies.

  - State Water Boards·Corporations, which mostly serve urban areas greater than 20,000 inhabitants.

  - Small Water Town Agencies, which mostly serve semi-urban areas with population between 5,000 and 20,000 inhabitants

  - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agencies operate in rural areas and usually serve communities of 500 to 5,000 inhabitants.

 

 

2. 정수기 및 정수장치 수요 (Demand for Water Purifiers and Purification Systems)

 

 ○ With a population of about 160 million people growing at an annual rate of 2%, there is a good and promising market for water purification equipment both for household and industrial purpose. Available statistics however shows a different scenario. Whereas filtering and purifying machinery for water for domestic purpose were imported from over twenty(20) countries, filtering and purifying machinery for water for industrial purposes were imported from over 30 countries between 2009 and 2011.

 

 ○ The total figure of domestic water purifier imported in 2011 declined by about 48% compared with the figure imported in 2010, while the figure for industrial water purifiers imported in 2011 also reduced by about 53.6% compared with the figure imported in 2010.

  - 수처리 사업자(Water Engineering Companies)들은 자체적으로 정부 또는 민간 프로젝트를 추진하면서 필터 시스템을 사용, 요구사양에 맞게 프로젝트 공급함.

  - 상업용 정수처리 장치의 시장수요는 큰 것으로 알려지고 있고 (식음료 기업, 특정 주거단지 개발, 빌딩 건설 등), 일반 서민용(domestic use)의 수요는 감소하였기 때문에 수입통계상 2011년 줄어든 것으로 추정됨.

 

 ○ It is also worthy to note that there was no single importation of Domestic Water Filters from Korea between 2009 and 2011, however in 2011 there was a small value of importation from Korea. The major exporters of domestic water purifiers to Nigeria are China, India, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, while the major exporters of Industrial water purifiers are China, India and European countries like United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Germany and Turkey.

 

 ○ Domestic and Industrial water purifying systems have been introduced into this market for many years now and they are presented either as whole house water filter and purifier, or Point of Use water filters. While some of the filters are installed under the kitchen sink, others are installed between the borehole and the storage tank.

 

 ○ One of the most popular house water purifier in the market is the whole house in-line system which is said to give maximum level of filtration and performance. The filters are either single, double or triple filters in various systems including Reverse Osmosis or Activated Carbon filtration. New water filtration systems are being introduced into the country from time to time.

 

 ○ In December 2012, a new filtration systems was introduced into the country by a British company, Meckow International, working in partnership with a Nigerian company, BGV Limited to underscore the continued existence of opportunities for new water filtration systems to come into the market.

  - Meckow Aquapur purification unit which can be used for treating non-saline water from surface(Pond, lakes and Reservoirs) as well as ground water sources(Wells, Boreholes and Springs). Among the features of this purification units is that it requires no Electricity for is filtration process and can produce clean drinking water at a rate of 1000ℓ per hour.

 

 ○ In January 2011, the Vice President of Nigeria, Architect Namadi Sambo launched Trunz Water system in the country. Trunz water unit is said to be compact, mobile and integrated water treatment and desalination systems that ensure that literally any water can be turned into a safe consumable. The entire filtration system is installed in a lockable weather-proof housing the size of a refrigerator. No chemical are used in the purification, applying instead the latest lute filtration technology. The equipment runs on both electricity and solar.

 

 ○ Therefore, Posco Tmc filtration system, can also find a market in Nigeria if well introduced and launched in collaboration of the Ministry of Water Resources, in partnership with one of the big and experienced water engineering companies. However, more detailed technical information about the filtration unit will be required to enable the water engineering companies better understand the functions and capability of Posco filtration unit

 

 ○ Although Posco filtration unit has the advantage of not using electricity, some of the water engineering companies spoken to think it may not be able to purify large volume of water.

 

 

3. 정수기 수입동향

 

□ The table below shows the import statistics for Domestic and Industrial Water Purifiers for three year from 2009 to 2011.

 

HS Code 8421.2100.22

Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers, filtering or purifying machinery

(Domestic type filter or purifier of water)

(단위: US$)

Country	2009	2010	2011
Total	2,020,302	1,000,706	487,469
Antigua & Barbuda	50,248	39,210	9,161
Austria	-	47,059	-
Australia	-	-	108,652
Belgium	7,612	-	-
China	94,537	152,929	185,749
Germany	-	-	32,404
India	527,648	564,259	57,436
Israel	-	13,568	-
Italy	80,053	155,413	-
Japan	869,645	-	-
Malaysia	-	-	59,976
Turkey	-	-	18,679
UAE	312,523	9,309	9,309
USA	3,907	5,485	8,215
Others	74,129	13,474	16,358

 

 

HS Code 8421.2100.23

Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers, filtering or purifying machinery

(Industrial type filter or purifier of water)

(단위: US$)

Country	2009	2010	2011
Total	10,599,89	39,662,362	21,279,079
Antigua & Barbuda	418,408	2,150,392	697,979
Australia	-	-	560,887
Belgium	332,055	3,565,015	1,048,162
China	1,655,228	26,080,694	4,716,552
France	684,032	383,188	1,032,563
Germany	30,002	96,308	1,480,146
Greece	4,159	895,271	29,068
Hong Kong	7,815	19,481	3,905,565
India	1,147,474	1,822,892	3,743,187
Italy	1,017,797	783,475	322,725
Netherlands	-	608,543	-
Republic of Korea	-	-	188,406
South Africa	657,816	173,769	194,222
Spain	28,141	517,753	-
Switzerland	-	274,225	-
UAE	196,454	137,112	178,269
United Kingdom	1,679,817	236,023	1,209,006
USA	97,917	1,416,819	667,348
Others	2,642,783	501,402	1,304,994

Source: Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, Abuja

 

 

□ 수입정책 및 관세 (Import Duty and Taxes)

 

 ○ There is no restriction on the importation of Water Filtration Machine into the country. The Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON) is the government agency in Nigeria responsible for the standard of all items imported into the country. In principle, all products to be exported to Nigeria are subject to SONCAP Certification. The water filtration unit must however meet international standards like the WHO in addition to SON standard.

 

 ○ The following duties and taxes cover the importation of Water Purifiers.

 

 

 

4. 경쟁동향 (Competing Brands and Price of Water Filters)

 

 ○ Various brands of water filtration system are available in the Nigerian market and they are imported from various countries of the world. Some of the brands in the market at the time of this survey include So-safe, Water-tek, Unilever(Pureit), Wte, Eviron, Auto-pak, Aqalite, Ferolite and Purican. There were also other unbranded water filtration systems which come as a component of whole water project, while there are many companies who are also fabricating water treatment plant locally.

 

 ○ The demand for water filtration systems is said to be high in the rural areas than in the urban areas where pipe borne water is available and where there is a proliferation of purified water either in sachets or bottle. In some homes and offices, waters dispensers are installed which dispenses both hot and cold water from already purified water in 19ℓ PET bottle.

 

 ○ In the rural areas, the installation of waters filtration system comes as a package with the construction of the borehole which is done by contractors, who are usually water engineering companies.

 

 ○ The water filtration system will then form part of the component of the entire water project whether from a borehole or dam. Normally the sample of the water to be filtered will be tested and analyzed before recommending the type of filtration system to be installed. These kind of water projects which are funded by the Federal or State governments, usually go through the tender process.

 

 ○ The price of water filtration system depends on the type of filtration, the location and the quality of water to be filtered. Most of the water engineering companies contacted say they cannot give a price because they must first of all have the sample of the water to be treated before they can give an offer price.

 

 ○ Apart from table top water filters, the prices of other kinds of filters was difficult to get because the sellers first of all as what kind of water is to be filtered and the location to know the kind of water in the locality.

 

 

5. 가격동향

 

□ The price of some water purification systems in the market are as follows:

 

Description	Country of Make	Model No.	Capacity	Price
Trunz Water System	Switzerland	TWU 010	Up to 1,500ℓ per day	N4, 200,000 (US$27,097)
Trunz Water Unit	Switzerland	TWU 003	Up to 20,000ℓ per day	N6, 300,000 (US$40,645)
Water Tek	India	RO 50 LPH	500ℓ per day	N1, 250,000 (US$8,064)
Water Tek	India	RO 250 LPH	1500ℓ per day	N1, 590,000 (US$10,258)

자료원: Trunz Water System은 해당 정수장치 나이지리아 딜러를 접촉하여 입수하였으며,

            인도 Water Tek 가격은 Water Tek사를 접촉하여 확인한 금액임.

 

 

6. 주요 유통 정수기 (Types of Water Filtration Systems in the Country)

 

□ A photograph of the various kinds of water filtration available in the market are shown below.

 

Water Tek Commercial Pure Water Plants/R.O. Plants (Model RO 50 LPH) 자료원: Water Tek 웹사이트 (www.watertekglobal.com)

Water Tek Commercial Pure Water Plant (RO 250 LPH) 자료원: Water Tek 웹사이트 (www.watertekglobal.com)

Meckow Aquapur Water Filtration System (Fixed Unit) 자료원: Meckow 웹사이트 (www.bgvlimited.com)

WTE - UK (Drinking Water Filtration Unit) 자료원: WTE 웹사이트 (www.okamainfinity.com)

Trunz Water Filtration System with Solar panel at the background 자료원: Trunz 웹사이트 (www.trunzwatersystems.com)